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ArchLinux安装笔记

Created 2025-08-19 / Updated 2025-08-19

在BIOS中关闭「安全启动」。

u盘启动后,按如下步骤安装ArchLinux。

配置网络:

# iwctl
[iwd]# device list
[iwd]# station <name> scan
[iwd]# station <name> get-networks
[iwd]# station <name> connect <SSID>

查看分区:

# fdisk -l

修改分区:

# fdisk /dev/nvme0n1

Device            Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1     2048   2099199   2097152    1G EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p2  2099200  85985279  83886080   40G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p3 85985280 354420735 268435456  128G Linux filesystem

格式化efi分区:

# mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/nvme0n1p1

格式化根分区与/home分区:

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p2
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p3

关闭日志:

# tune2fs -O "^has_journal" /dev/nvme0n1p2
# tune2fs -O "^has_journal" /dev/nvme0n1p3

挂载分区:

# mount /dev/nvme0n1p4 /mnt

# mkdir /mnt/efi
# mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/efi

# mkdir /mnt/home
# mount /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt/home

使用国内镜像源:

# curl -L 'https://archlinux.org/mirrorlist/?country=CN&protocol=https&ip_version=4&ip_version=6' -o /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

(然后编辑该/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist文件,选择要使用的镜像源,去掉前面的注释)

安装基本系统:

# pacstrap -K /mnt base linux linux-firmware vim

生成fstab文件:

# genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

(编辑生成的/mnt/etc/fstab文件,为根分区挂载增加noatime,commit=60,barrier=0选项)

chroot到新安装的系统:

# arch-chroot /mnt

设置时区:

# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Hong_Kong /etc/localtime

生成/etc/adjtime

# hwclock --systohc

vim创建一个vi软链接:

# ln -s /usr/bin/vim /usr/bin/vi

编辑/etc/locale.gen,去掉en_US.UTF-8zh_CN.UTF-8的注释,然后运行:

# locale-gen

设置LANG变量:

# vi /etc/locale.conf
LANG=en_US.UTF-8

设置主机名

# vi /etc/hostname
主机名

设置root的密码:

# passwd

安装微码:

# pacman -S intel-ucode

安装grub:

# pacman -S grub efibootmgr

# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB

# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

安装iwd:

# pacman -S iwd

配置iwd:

# mkdir /etc/iwd
# vi /etc/iwd/main.conf
[General]
EnableNetworkConfiguration=true
[Network]
RoutePriorityOffset=300
NameResolvingService=systemd

卸载分区并重启:

# exit
# umount /mnt/efi
# umount /mnt/home
# umount /mnt
# shutdown -r now

调节屏幕亮度:

# echo 5760 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

配置systemd-resolved:

# vi /etc/systemd/resolved.conf
DNS=8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

# ln -sf ../run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
# systemctl enable --now systemd-resolved.service

启动iwd并配置网络:

# systemctl start iwd.service

# iwctl
[iwd]# device list
[iwd]# station <name> scan
[iwd]# station <name> get-networks
[iwd]# station <name> connect <SSID>

更新系统:

# pacman -Syu

安装各种软件包:

# pacman -S sway
# pacman -S foot
# pacman -S noto-fonts-cjk
# pacman -S fcitx5-rime
# pacman -S firefox

声音:

# pacman -S alsa-utils
$ alsamixer
(声道下方标有MM表示已静音,移动到该声道,按下m取消静音,按上下方向键调节音量)

$ speaker-test -c 2
(测试声音)

参考:

Categories: [Linux]