用debootstrap安装Debian系统笔记

Created 2022-05-20 / Updated 2022-05-20

格式化分区：

# mkswap /dev/sda1
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2

关闭ext4的日志功能：

# tune2fs -O "^has_journal" /dev/sda2

激活swap分区：

# swapon /dev/sda1

挂载根分区：

# mount -o noatime /dev/sda2 /mnt

安装基本系统：

# debootstrap --arch=amd64 --variant=minbase --exclude=nano,vim-tiny --include=vim,ifupdown,iputils-ping,whiptail --components=main,contrib,non-free --no-check-gpg bullseye /mnt https://deb.debian.org/debian

进入基本系统：

# export ROOT=/mnt

# mount -v --bind /dev ${ROOT}/dev
# mount -v --bind /dev/pts ${ROOT}/dev/pts
# mount -vt proc proc ${ROOT}/proc
# mount -vt sysfs sysfs ${ROOT}/sys
# mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs ${ROOT}/run
# mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs ${ROOT}/tmp

# LANG=C.UTF-8 chroot ${ROOT} /usr/bin/env -i HOME=/root TERM='xterm-256color' PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin /bin/bash --login

各种配置：

(chroot) # dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

(chroot) # vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sda1 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/sda2 / ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1
proc /proc proc nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs defaults 0 0
devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs mode=0755,nosuid 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs rw,nodev,nosuid 0 0

(chroot) # vi /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
  address 192.168.0.2
  netmask 255.255.255.0
  gateway 192.168.0.1

iface eth0 inet6 static
  address x:x::x:x/64
  gateway x:x::x:x

(chroot) # vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

(chroot) # vi /etc/hostname
(chroot) # vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 DebianHostName

::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
ff02::3 ip6-allhosts

(chroot) # vi /etc/apt/sources.list
(chroot) # apt-get update

(chroot) # apt-get install locales
(chroot) # dpkg-reconfigure locales

安装内核：

(chroot) # apt-get install linux-image-amd64

安装引导程序：

(chroot) # apt-get install grub-pc
(chroot) # grub-install /dev/sda
(chroot) # update-grub

安装SSH服务：

(chroot) # apt-get install openssh-server
(chroot) # vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin yes
（允许root使用密码登录ssh）

设置root密码：

(chroot) # passwd

添加普通用户：

(chroot) # adduser xxx

清理：

(chroot) # apt-get clean

完成安装：

(chroot) # exit
# umount ${ROOT}/tmp
# umount ${ROOT}/run
# umount ${ROOT}/sys
# umount ${ROOT}/proc
# umount ${ROOT}/dev/pts
# umount ${ROOT}/dev
# umount ${ROOT}
# swapoff /dev/sda1

参考：

Categories: [Linux]